Downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus and method

ABSTRACT

A downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus is disclosed, which includes a ground portion (10) and a downhole portion (20), the ground portion (10) is provided with an atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus (1) and a quantum detection device (2) from which quantum data is read, the downhole portion (20) includes an electromagnetic wave transmission system (3) configured for encoding a signal detected from a downhole and transmitting the signal through an electromagnetic wave. The apparatus has the characteristics of high detection sensitivity, wide operation temperature range, low operation energy consumption, small occupied volume, large channel width, high transmission rate and low cost, and has obvious advantages in terms of wireless transmission of downhole-to-ground data communication.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosure relates to the field of quantum logging technologies, and is particularly to a downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus and the disclosure further provides a downhole-to-ground logging communication and control method.

BACKGROUND

Downhole data of existing logging technology is transmitted to the ground by mud pulse or EM-MWD. According to a working method of the mud pulse, a mud pressure signal in a borehole is encoded while drilling, and information transmission is realized by collecting a change of the mud pressure signal. The transmission rate of this method is very limited, which is generally several bps, and with the increase of a hole depth, the instability of a mud signal is continuously improved, thus rapidly increasing the difficulty of decoding. In addition, mud is the only means to drive a downhole generator, and the pressure encoding of the mud signal will interfere with the work of the generator to a certain extent, resulting in insufficient power of the generator and lowering overall work efficiency. According to the EM-MWD, downhole-to-ground communication is realized through electromagnetic signal transmission, and a ground portion of the downhole-to-ground communication is also an electromagnetic antenna. The sensitivity and accuracy of the EM-MWD are poor, so the transmission depth of the EM-MWD is limited, which typically cannot exceed 3,000 m even if one segment of signal relay is added in the middle.

Due to constantly expanded distance and depth of logging, a downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus with higher transmission speed, better stability, and greater transmission distance and depth is needed.

SUMMARY

Aiming at the above problems, the disclosure provides a downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus, which has the characteristics of high detection sensitivity, wide operation temperature range, low operation energy consumption, small occupied volume, large channel width, high transmission rate and low cost, and has obvious advantages in terms of wireless transmission of downhole-to-ground data communication.

A downhole-to-ground quantum logging communication and control apparatus comprises a ground portion and a downhole portion, wherein the ground portion is provided with an atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus and a quantum detection device from which quantum data is read, the downhole portion comprises an electromagnetic wave transmission system, and the electromagnetic wave transmission system is configured for encoding a signal detected from a downhole and transmitting the signal through an electromagnetic wave.

Further, the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus and the quantum detection device from which the quantum data is read are connected through a cable, thus ensuring accuracy and reliability of final decoding of data.

The atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus is a high-sensitivity ⁸⁷Rb atomic magnetometer or a diamond quantum magnetometer, a transmission channel of the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus covers 0 Hz to 100 Hz, a detectable magnetic field intensity is as low as a magnitude of 10⁻¹² T, and a background noise is as low as 1 PT/Hz^(1/2), with ultra-high sensitivity and detection signal-to-noise ratio.

When the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus is used as a signal receiving apparatus, the electromagnetic wave transmission system is capable of achieving stable signal transmission and detection effects by signal transmission with lower transmission power, thus reducing overall energy consumption of a downhole instrument system; and

The downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus further comprises a downhole electromagnetic signal repeater, wherein when a linear distance between the electromagnetic wave transmission system and the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus is greater than 4 km, the downhole portion is provided with the downhole electromagnetic signal repeater, and a signal transmitted by the electromagnetic wave transmission system is amplified by the electromagnetic signal repeater and then the amplified signal is transmitted to the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus, so that the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus receives an effective signal, and transmission distance and depth of the whole apparatus are expanded.

A downhole-to-ground logging communication and control method is provided, comprising:

encoding and modulating by a downhole electromagnetic wave transmission system information to be transmitted and transmitting the information according to a frequency so that an electromagnetic wave signal is radiated from a borehole to the ground through a stratum,

detecting by an atomic magnetometer located on the ground the electromagnetic wave signal, and recording and decoding the electromagnetic wave signal by a corresponding receiving apparatus, thus realizing a downhole-to-ground communication function.

Further, high-sensitivity detection and receiving are performed on a low-frequency electromagnetic signal through an atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus, with extremely high signal-to-noise ratio and detection sensitivity, thus being suitable for a downhole-to-ground communication field in detection while drilling.

An encoding mode of the electromagnetic wave transmission system is set according to requirements, and a transmission frequency of the electromagnetic wave transmission system is within a range of 1 Hz to 100 Hz.

By using the disclosure, according to the downhole-to-ground quantum logging communication apparatus and method, high-sensitivity detection and receiving are performed on the low-frequency electromagnetic signal through the atomic magnetometer, with extremely high signal-to-noise ratio and detection sensitivity, thus having the advantages of higher transmission rate, better stability, greater transmission distance and depth compared with traditional mud pulse and electromagnetic transmission; and the apparatus has the characteristics of high detection sensitivity, wide operation temperature range, low operation energy consumption, small occupied volume, large channel width, high transmission rate and low cost, and has obvious advantages in terms of wireless transmission of downhole-to-ground data communication.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a brief schematic diagram of a corresponding layout of an apparatus; and

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of corresponding data transmission of a method.

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

10 refers to ground portion, 20 refers to downhole portion, 1 refers to atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus, 2 refers to quantum detection device, 3 refers to electromagnetic wave transmission system, and 4 refers to downhole electromagnetic signal repeater.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A ground-to-downhole quantum logging communication and control apparatus, as shown in FIG. 1 , comprises a ground portion 10 and a downhole portion 20. The ground portion 10 is provided with an atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus 1 and a quantum detection device 2 from which quantum data is read, the downhole portion 20 comprises an electromagnetic wave transmission system 3, and the electromagnetic wave transmission system 3 is configured for encoding a signal detected from a downhole and transmitting the signal through an electromagnetic wave.

The atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus 1 and the quantum detection device 2 from which the quantum data is read are connected through a cable, thus ensuring accuracy and reliability of final decoding of data.

The atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus 1 is a high-sensitivity ⁸⁷Rb atomic magnetometer or a diamond quantum magnetometer, a transmission channel of the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus covers 0 Hz to 100 Hz, a detectable magnetic field intensity is as low as a magnitude of 10⁻¹² T, and a background noise is as low as 1 PT/Hz^(1/2), with ultra-high sensitivity and detection signal-to-noise ratio.

When the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus 1 is used as a signal receiving apparatus, the electromagnetic wave transmission system 3 is capable of achieving stable signal transmission and detection effects by signal transmission with lower transmission power, thus reducing overall energy consumption of a downhole instrument system.

The apparatus further comprises a downhole electromagnetic signal repeater 4. When a linear distance between the electromagnetic wave transmission system 3 and the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus 1 is greater than 4 km, the downhole portion is provided with the downhole electromagnetic signal repeater 4, and a signal transmitted by the electromagnetic wave transmission system 3 is amplified by the electromagnetic signal repeater 4 and then the amplified signal is transmitted to the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus 1, so that the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus 1 receives an effective signal, and transmission distance and depth of the whole apparatus are expanded. The distance may be expanded to more than 5 km.

A downhole-to-ground logging communication and control method is provided. When working, a downhole electromagnetic wave transmission system encodes and modulates information to be transmitted and transmits the information according to a frequency, an electromagnetic wave signal is radiated from a borehole to the ground through a stratum, and an atomic magnetometer located on the ground detects the electromagnetic wave signal, and records and decodes the electromagnetic wave signal through a corresponding receiving apparatus, thus realizing a downhole-to-ground communication function.

Further, high-sensitivity detection and receiving are performed on a low-frequency electromagnetic signal through the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus, with extremely high signal-to-noise ratio and detection sensitivity, thus being suitable for a downhole-to-ground communication field in detection while drilling.

An encoding mode of the electromagnetic wave transmission system is set according to requirements, and a transmission frequency of the electromagnetic wave transmission system is generally within a range of 1 Hz to 100 Hz.

A working principle of the disclosure is described as follows. According to the downhole-to-ground quantum logging communication apparatus and method, high-sensitivity detection and receiving are performed on the low-frequency electromagnetic signal through the atomic magnetometer, with extremely high signal-to-noise ratio and detection sensitivity, thus having the advantages of higher transmission rate, better stability, greater transmission distance and depth compared with traditional mud pulse and electromagnetic transmission. The apparatus has the characteristics of high detection sensitivity, wide operation temperature range, low operation energy consumption, small occupied volume, large channel width, high transmission rate and low cost, and has obvious advantages in terms of wireless transmission of downhole-to-ground data communication.

It is apparent for those skilled in the art that the disclosure is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the disclosure can be realized in other specific forms without departing from the gist or basic characteristics of the disclosure. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as being exemplary and non-limiting from any point of view, and the scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, so that it is intended to comprise all changes falling within the meaning and range of equivalent elements of the claims. Any reference numerals in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

In addition, it should be understood that although the description is described according to the embodiments, each embodiment does not contain only one independent technical solution. The narration mode of the description is only for purpose of clarifying, and those skilled in the art should take the description as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be combined appropriately to form other embodiments that may be understood by those skilled in the art. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus, comprising a ground portion and a downhole portion, wherein the ground portion is provided with an atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus and a quantum detection device from which quantum data is read, the downhole portion comprises an electromagnetic wave transmission system, and the electromagnetic wave transmission system is configured for encoding a signal detected from a downhole and transmitting the signal through an electromagnetic wave.
 2. The downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus and the quantum detection device from which the quantum data is read are connected through a cable.
 3. The downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus is a high-sensitivity ⁸⁷Rb atomic magnetometer or a diamond quantum magnetometer, a transmission channel of the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus covers 0 Hz to 100 Hz, a detectable magnetic field intensity is as low as a magnitude of 10⁻¹² T, and a background noise is as low as 1 PT/Hz^(1/2), with ultra-high sensitivity and detection signal-to-noise ratio.
 4. The downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus according to claim 3, wherein when the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus is used as a signal receiving apparatus, the electromagnetic wave transmission system is capable of achieving stable signal transmission and detection effects by signal transmission with lower transmission power, thus reducing overall energy consumption of a downhole instrument system.
 5. The downhole-to-ground logging communication and control apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a downhole electromagnetic signal repeater, wherein when a linear distance between the electromagnetic wave transmission system and the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus is greater than 4 km, the downhole portion is provided with the downhole electromagnetic signal repeater, and a signal transmitted by the electromagnetic wave transmission system is amplified by the electromagnetic signal repeater and then the amplified signal is transmitted to the atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus.
 6. A downhole-to-ground logging communication and control method, comprising: encoding and modulating by a downhole electromagnetic wave transmission system information to be transmitted and transmitting the information according to a frequency so that an electromagnetic wave signal is radiated from a borehole to the ground through a stratum, detecting by an atomic magnetometer located on the ground the electromagnetic wave signal, and recording and decoding the electromagnetic wave signal by a corresponding receiving apparatus, thus realizing a downhole-to-ground communication function.
 7. The downhole-to-ground logging communication and control method according to claim 6, wherein high-sensitivity detection and receiving are performed on a low-frequency electromagnetic signal through an atomic magnetometer receiving apparatus, with extremely high signal-to-noise ratio and detection sensitivity, thus being suitable for a downhole-to-ground communication field in detection while drilling.
 8. The downhole-to-ground logging communication and control method according to claim 6, wherein an encoding mode of the electromagnetic wave transmission system is set according to requirements, and a transmission frequency of the electromagnetic wave transmission system is within a range of 1 Hz to 100 Hz. 